The working principle and structure of the centrifugal pump

The working principle and structure of the centrifugal pump

The basic structure of a centrifugal pump

It consists of impeller, pump body, pump shaft, bearing, sealing ring and stuffing box.

1. The impeller is the core part of the centrifugal pump. Its speed is higher than the force, and the blades on the impeller play the main role. The impeller must pass the static balance test before assembly. The inner and outer surfaces of the impeller should be smooth to reduce the frictional loss of the water flow. According to its mechanical structure, it can be divided into closed, semi-closed and open. The closed impeller is suitable for conveying cleaning fluid; Semi-enclosed and open impellers are suitable for conveying suspensions containing solid particles, but these pumps are less efficient.

2. The pump body, also known as the pump casing, is the main body of the pump. It plays a supporting and fixing role, and is connected to the bracket on which the bearing is mounted.

3. The function of the pump shaft is to connect with the motor through the coupling and transmit the torque of the motor to the impeller, so it is the main component for transmitting mechanical energy.

4. The plain bearing uses transparent oil as the lubricant, so add oil to the oil level. Too much oil will seep out along the pump shaft, too little bearing will overheat and burn out, causing an accident! During the operation of the water pump, the maximum temperature of the bearing is 85 degrees, usually about 60 degrees.

5. The sealing ring is also called the leakage reduction ring.

6. The packing box is mainly composed of filler, water seal ring, packing cylinder, packing gland and water sealing pipe. The stuffing box is mainly used to close the gap between the pump casing and the pump shaft, so that the water in the pump does not flow to the outside, and the outside air does not enter the pump. Always keep the vacuum in the pump! When the friction between the pump shaft and the packing generates heat, the water must enter the hydroseal ring through the hydroseal to cool the packing! Keep the pump running. Therefore, in the patrol inspection of pump operation, special attention should be paid to the inspection of the packing box! After about 600 hours of operation, the filler should be replaced.

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